ASCO / JSMO joint symposium

2017年7月28日 日本臨床腫瘍学会総会2日目(神戸市)

 AJ-1の講演内容を見ると、欧米と日本でのドラッグ・ラグはだいぶん是正されてきた様子。

ASCO / JSMO Joint Symposium

AJ-1:

Expanding the Reach of Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer

<EGFR>(in USA, 15% of all NSCLC)

・EGFR mutationとEGFR阻害薬の効果が相関していることの発見

・NEJ-002試験がpositiveとなった

→gefitinibは日本で2002年に承認、米国では2015年まで待たなければならなかった

・Afatinibは日本では2013年に承認、米国では2014年に承認

・real worldにおけるEGFR阻害薬の効果

→日本では生存期間中央値は30.8ヶ月(Inoue et al., Jpn J Clin Oncol 2016)

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26977054

→米国では生存期間中央値は30.9ヶ月(Liu et al., J Thorac Oncol 2016)

 

<ALK>(in USA, 5% of all NSCLC)

・PROFILE 1014, crizotinib

 日本では2012年に承認、米国では2013年に正式承認

・J-ALEX study, Hida et al., Lancet 2017, Alectinib

 日本では2014年に承認、米国では2015年に承認

<ROS1>(in USA, 1% of all NSCLC)

・Shaw et al., N Engl J Med, 1963-, 2017

 Crizotinibが有効、日本では2017年に承認、米国では2016年に承認

<BRAF>(in USA, 1% of all NSCLC)

・BRF 113948 study, Planchard et al., Lancet Oncol 2016, 984-993

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27283860

ORR 64%, mPFS 9.7M

 Dabrafenib+Trametinibが有効、米国では2017年に承認

<others>

・MET exon 14 skipping mutation

・NTRK

・RET

・development medication for rare cancers

 Single arm studyで、PFS 9-10ヶ月以上が承認のための相場

AJ-2:

 Development of Nationwide Genomic Screening Project ( LC-SCRUM-Japan ) for the Establishment of Cancer Precision Medicine

・From Histology to Molecular Target for Decision Making

 In Japan, EGFRm 53%, KRASm 9.4%, ALKr 3.8%

・At the beginning of LC-SCRUM pfoject, only RETr, ALKr and ROS1r are screened for confirmed EGFRm negative patients

→If RETr(+), recommend to entry LURET study, investigator initiated trial.

・Crizotinib for ROS1r(+) NSCLC for East-Asian population: ASCO 2016 abst.#9022

・Overall survival analysis in LC-SCRUM participant

N=1,147

Driver mutation(+) and Targeted Therapy(+): n=123: mOS 44.2M ( 30M ? not reached )

Driver mutation(+) and Targeted Therapy(-): n=450: mOS 29.3M ( 24.4M ? 49.9M )

Driver mutation(-): n=574: mOS 30.6M ( 26.5M ? 48.6M )

AJ-3:

 Combination Therapy with Molecularly Targeted Agents in Lung Cancer

・EGFRm(+) patients survival in “Real World” Japan

5-year OS rate: 21.5% ( overall n=1,657) and 13.8% ( stage IV patients only )

Median OS: 29.7M ( 28.1M ? 31.4M )

Upfront chemotherapy may be related to higher 5-year OS rate.

Upfront chemotherapy may be related to longer chemotherapy period.

→Maybe there are selection biases.

・concurrent chemotherapy and TKI

Randomized phase II NEJ005 updated data: mOS 41.9M vs 30.7M

→Oizumi et al., ASCO 2017 abst.#9038

→Randomized phase III NEJ009 ongoing ( accrual finished, follow up ongoing )

・intercalated gefitinib phase II study: mOS 48M

→Kanda et al., Lung Cancer. 2015 Sep;89(3):287-93

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26169499

・Erlotinib + Bevacizumab therapy

JO25567 study ( phase II )

NEJ026 study ( phase III, accrual finished )

・RELAY study

Erlotinib + Bevacizumab vs Erlotinib ( phase III study, primary endpoint:PFS )

・FLAURA study press released as “positive” on 27 / 07 / 2017

・WJOG8715L: Osimertinib + Bevacizumab phase II

・J-SONIC trial: NSCLC with IPF patientsにChemotherapy + nintedanib

・座長からの要請事項:real world’s EGFRm NSCLC患者について、今後も長期フォローした方がいいのでは?

AJ-4:

 Current Status of Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer

・Liquid Biopsy is…

→non ? invasive genomic diagnostic tool, Oxnard et al., Clin Cancer Res 2014

→drug resistance monitoring tool

→pharmacodynamics research tool

・positive predictive value ( PPV ):

100% for EGFRm detection

100% for KRASm detection

79% for T790M detection

・Sensitivity

82% for Exon 19 deletion detection

72% for Exon 21 point mutation detection

77% for T790M resistance detection

64% for KRASm detection

→Sacher et al., JAMA Oncol. 2016 Aug 1;2(8):1014-22

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27055085

・Plasma genotyping and Tissue genotyping

T790M confirmed from Tissue → well correlated to PFS

T790M confirmed from Plasma → not well correlated to PFS

→Oxnard et al. J Clin Oncol 2016

・ctDNA monitoring by NGS assay

26人のOsimertinib resistant patients

9人がT790M(+)で、そのうち6人がC797S(+), 3人がC797S(-)

17人がT790M(-)で、4人が小細胞癌転化、MET異常が3人、BRAF異常が1人、KRASmも1人